When a large number of PCBs have to be made, chances are that components won’t be manually soldered by hand. This is where professional assembly houses like Seed will step in, to help fabricate both the bare boards and assemble all the parts onto the Printed Circuit Boards, or PCBs.

But have you ever wondered how your manufacturers are able to stick that massive number of tiny components onto your PCBs? I have, but that was until I had to plow through paragraphs of technical jargon online about the machinery that gets the job done. While there’s nothing sexy about PCBA manufacturing, understanding how the brains of all electronics are made definitely brings joy and a sense of accomplishment. Lots of thought goes into each stage of the assembly process in order to deliver a perfectly functioning board. And with the electronics getting more and more advanced, machinery used to manufacture PCBs are ever-improving and more exciting than ever.

In this blog post, we shall explore what goes behind the scenes in PCB assembly!

In PCB assembly, there are 4 main stages of SMT, or Surface Mount Technology assembly using the reflow method, which are paste application, automated component placement, soldering, and inspection (plus testing, if requested). The basic equipment required for PCB assembly includes:

1. Solder Paste Printing machine
2. Solder Paste Inspection (SPI) machine
3. Glue Dispensing machine
4. Pick-and-Place machine
5. Reflow Soldering machine
6. Wave Soldering machine (for through-hole components)
7. Automatic Optical Inspection (AOI) machine
8. In-Circuit Test (ICT) Fixture
9. Functional Validation Test (FVT) Fixture
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