"We measure which candidates newspapers endorse in state and federal elections from 1940 to 2002. One sample concentrates on the biggest circulation newspapers in America from 1940 to 2002. A 2nd sample examines sixty five newspapers, representing all locations with the place, over the period 1986 to 2002. We document two vital options of newspaper endorsements. 1st, newspapers have shifted from strongly favoring Republicans while in the 1940s and fifties, to dividing their editorial…