Retrospective
Retrospective study examines a past event, incident, or scenario. A retrospective research topics can only collect data in one of two ways: the researcher obtains data from written sources such as books, magazines, newspapers, diaries, and other personal records, or the researcher interviews persons who recall the situation. Interviewing the responders is only possible if the event happened within a specific time frame; otherwise, the investigator will have to rely on written evidence.
Prospective

The long-term impacts of a phenomena, event, programme, attitude, or problem are investigated in a prospective research. Because the investigator's goal is to wait for the effects of a programme or condition on the target population, most prospective research designs are considered as experimental studies as well. Unlike retrospective research, prospective studies utilise field or laboratory trials to collect data and analyse the results afterwards. The conclusions derived from these research findings can then be applied to similar future circumstances.

Review

Retrospective-prospective education research topics looks back while simultaneously looking ahead. There is no control group in these trials, as opposed to before-and-after research. Most retrospective-prospective studies with no control group are retrospective-prospective studies. A retrospective-prospective study collects data on a population before implementing an intervention or therapy, and then investigates the same group after the intervention or therapy has taken effect. A control group or a baseline analysis are not used by the researcher.