Causes
An incisional hernia occurs when a weakness in the abdominal muscle causes the abdominal tissues to protrude through the muscle. A hernia is a bulge under the skin that may be painful or tender to the touch. The muscle weakening is due to an incision made during a previous abdominal operation.

Diagnosis
A hernia’s visibility makes it much easier to diagnose. In order to see the hernia when it is “out,” the doctor can ask you to cough or bear down.

Testing performed on a regular basis to assess which part of the body is pushing through the muscle.and also to find if the hernia is wide enough to cause more than the lining of the abdominal cavity to bulge through.