The FDA reviews scientific studies and safety trials to determine whether food additives, such as propylene glycol, are safe for use in the body. In 1982, the FDA approved propylene glycol as a safe food additive and considered it a "generally recognized safe" or GRAS ingredient. To that end, the FDA has set strict guidelines to ensure that maximum amounts of propylene glycol used in foods do not exceed levels considered safe. Under the restrictions, manufacturers can only use a certain amount of propylene glycol, depending on the type of food and drink. In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) has set daily intake limits so that consumers and food companies always know that the acceptable dietary intake or ADI for propylene glycol is 25 mg per kilogram (kg) of body weight. Both of these efforts by the FDA and WHO ensure that we are safe to eat foods containing propylene glycol.

While it's hard to calculate the amount of propylene glycol in every food item you eat, you probably won't be ingesting the toxic amount. Most products contain small amounts of propylene glycol, which degrades quickly in the body.

Fluoroscopy of propylene glycol
Propylene glycol is used in many products to help retain its moisture and consistency. It is considered safe for use in food, especially because it is present in small amounts. A possible source of concern is the frequent use of drugs that contain large amounts of propylene glycol, or when it is applied topically through cosmetics or personal care products. In these cases, consult your doctor to consider alternative intake, application, or product options.

Considering all foods with propylene glycol added, it's also helpful to know that its role in food is a humectant (which pulls water toward it) and a solvent (which helps dissolve one ingredient into another). Propylene glycol is also an anti-caking agent, antioxidant, dough strengthening agent, emulsifier, flavoring agent, formula aid, stabilizer and thickener, glazing agent, texture improver and antibacterial agent (which helps kill or slow the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi) that may contaminate food). While this information may be helpful, you may be wondering if propylene glycol is safe to eat.