It is again a violation of the special isoprene rule also the carotenoids which are again the unsaturated hydrocarbons are joined tail to tail at their centers the hair we have shown you the two examples one Buy Terpenes is a Krypton here again there is a tail to the tail arrangement and in the Levin tool all this is the branching part which is ahead and this is the tail part of this isoprene unit and this is another isoprene unit which is joined in our tail to tail fashion tail to tail patterns so this is again a departure from the special isoprene rule then comes one more important role that is the gem dialkyl rule if the two functional groups they are present on the adjacent carbons they are generally termed as the germinal carbons germinal functional groups so this rule is based on that geminal pattern of a hydrocarbon arrangement when the two alkyl groups are attached to the same carbon atom.

It is called the gem dye alkyl group and when they are present at the adjacent carbons they are termed as the vicinal diol Kyle told so here in the case of terpenoids it is generally the geminal diol Kyle growths the presence of gem dye alkyl group affects the stability of terpenoids this was observed by the in Gould who summarized his results in the form of empirical rule called the gem-diol Kyle True Terpenes rule which may be stated in words as follows the gem dye alkyl group tends to render the cyclohexane ring unstable whereas it stabilizes the three-four and the five-membered ring so here the stability of terpenoid is generally affected by this the gel gem-diol Kyle groups the gem thy alkyl group is helpful in two ways this.

So limits a number of possible structures of terpenoids for example the mono terpenoid open chain would give rise to only one possibility for a mono-cyclic molecules to bi-cyclic and this is a second isoprene unit so if we decompose if we divide the this Parris I mean structure into the two half we will get here the two we will get here the two GI to isoprene units which contains the gem dye alkyl groups the most natural mono-cyclic molecules are generally the derivatives of this simple structure that is the Paris I mean this rule helps to find the carbon skeleton of cyclic terpenoids also the six-member turpenoid should contain the gem dimethyl group outside the ring whereas the bicyclic terpenoids should contain the gem dimethyl group on the smaller ring that is the cyclopropane and the cyclo butane ring to render them sufficiently stable to be capable of occurrence in Terpenes for sale nature for instance the closer of c10 open chain would give rise to three possible structures actually all the three are shown here we where we are having the c10 structures so there are three possibilities that the die gem-diol Kile parts are within the ring so they will stabilize these terpenoids then comes the general properties of terpenoids therapy knowit's are basically colorless liquids which are generally present in the essential oils of plants and these are lighter than water and while between 150 to 180 degree centigrade a few are solids which are lighter than volatile in-stream usually having the high refractive index and are insoluble in water but soluble in the organic solvents many of these terpenoids are optically active they are unsaturated compounds which are open chain or cyclic with one or more carbon atoms rings having one or more double bonds.