Therefore, the curved scale solves this problem:





Curved gauge on a Mauser rifle



The arc-shaped scale does not use the rear sight to move up and down in the vertical frame to adjust the height angle. Its scale plate is horizontal, and the bottom base is arched in an arc. Push the cursor of the scale forward because of the arc-shaped base. , the scale plate is lifted up, and the rear sight is raised accordingly. Since the shooting distance of this kind of gauge is projected to the scale of the scale plate in a different way, its scales are equally spaced, and the setting of the gauge is relatively clear and it is not easy to install it wrong. So this gauge is used more often.



There are different types of gauges for different guns, but in general they are just variations of the gauges mentioned above.





M1 Carbine Scale



For example, for the M1 carbine, turn the knob next to it, and the target hole will slide back and forth on a slope, and the height will change up and down accordingly.





MP5 Rotary Scale



This is the rotating gauge of the MP5 submachine gun. The sight holes of different heights represent the height of the gauge for different ranges. When using it, just turn the hole you want to use in front of your eyes.




Early M1 Carbine Sight



The early M1 carbine is simpler, it is an L-shaped scale, directly divided into two gears, the large target hole with a lower height corresponds to a range of 150 yards, and the small target hole with a higher position corresponds to a range of 300 yards, whichever you want to use Which stands up. Because the M1 Carbine is originally a self-defense weapon used at close range, it is not necessary to set a very long range. Similar L-shaped scales with only two gears are also very common on submachine guns with a shorter effective range and lower cost, such as the Soviet PPsh41 and PPS43 submachine guns.





Because pistols are mainly used for close-range shooting within 50 meters, modern pistols simply do not have adjustable rear sights, and directly use fixed rear sights and front sights.



There are also many people asking, the enemy situation on the battlefield is changing rapidly, the target is often hidden, and the exposure time is very short. How can it be possible to seize the opportunity to measure the distance accurately every time you shoot? At this time, a "common gauge" is needed.




Close-up of the gauge of the SKS semi-automatic rifle



The picture above is the SKS semi-automatic rifle, which is the scale plate of the Chinese Type 56 semi-automatic rifle, which also uses a curved scale. Please note that there is a Russian letter П behind the scale scale 1, which is called "common scale", which is equivalent to scale 3, which is the height of the upper rear sight at a distance of 300 meters. In actual combat, the shooting distance of the rifle generally does not exceed 400 meters, so the shooter can set the gauge at П, and does not need to change the gauge every time. Instead, according to experience, when shooting a target closer to 300 meters, the aiming point is properly lowered, and the shooting Properly raise the aiming point when the target is farther than 300 meters. For example, when shooting an enemy infantry standing at a distance of 100 meters, the gauge is set at П, which is equivalent to gauge 3. If you aim at the enemy's chest, the bullet trajectory will be higher than the aiming point at a distance of 100 meters, and will pass the target. Therefore, at this time, you should aim at the enemy's waist and abdomen and shoot. At a distance of 100 meters, the bullet can just hit the enemy's chest.



For weapons with a long range, such as heavy machine guns and sniper rifles, because the distance to the target is often very long, it is not reliable to use experience to raise or lower the aiming point appropriately at this time, so tools are needed to measure the distance. For example, the scale divisions in telescopes and sights. Take the internal division of the scope used by the SVD sniper rifle as an example:




Scope reticle for SVD sniper rifle



At the lower left of the scope's field of view, there is a horizontal solid line with 1.7 written below it, and a dotted line similar to an exponential function with 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 written on it. This is the reticle for simple distance measurement. This distance measuring reticle is based on the height of a person with an average height of 1.7 meters in the field of view of the scope, assuming that a standing person is just stuck between the dotted line and the solid line with a scale of 2 on the distance measuring reticle If the distance is between the dotted and solid lines on the scale 4, then the distance is approximately 200 meters; if the height of the standing person is just stuck between the dotted and solid lines on the scale 4, then the distance is approximately 400 meters. After simple distance measurement, adjust the distance adjustment wheel on the scope to the measured distance.





The knob on the top of the scope is the distance adjustment wheel



The action of turning the distance adjustment wheel is actually to adjust the reticle in the sight, that is, the height of the glass plate with the reticle engraved, just like using a mechanical sight, by adjusting the height of the reticle, the time of aiming The muzzle is properly raised or lowered to meet the shooting requirements of different distances.



If it is a long-range sniper that requires more accurate ranging, then a special rangefinder is required. Long-range sniping is often carried out by two snipers, one is responsible for shooting, and the other uses a rangefinder to measure the distance accurately.