Below is an explanation of words used by Max Weber, who was a sociologist, in his work of examining societies.
Bureaucracy entails an efficient and rational way of organizing activities involving human participation. Specifically, it includes the existence of well-organized hierarchies and systematic processes to shape the operations of a business/firm. It is, therefore, concerned with officially doing things or adhering to protocols. For example, when an employee seeks to leave, he/she has to write a letter or fill the leave application form and forward it to the management for consideration. Bureaucracy is, therefore, detrimental to individual freedom in an organizational setting as it makes people stick to the organizational rules that shape their conduct.
Charisma implies the attractiveness and the talent endowment of a person that makes others envy or just treat him/her as a role model. Such individual possesses leadership influence that sways people to follow his/their desired direction. Charismatic persons are deemed extraordinary and seem like superhumans. For instance, a political leader who enjoys the support of a vast population of ordinary people can be considered charismatic.
The class is a positional hierarchy in the social stratification of society, and the main ones are the lower, middle, and upper classes. The determinants of an individual class are education, economic, and social status. Weber had an opinion that quality depends more on education and skills as opposed to the ownership of the means of production. This could be true because there are managers of big firms, who are well-educated, and thus they control the companies and, in turn, earn enormous salaries. These people are highly valued, yet they manage companies that they do not own and thus proving the importance of education in one's class. The class situation implies an individual’s position in the class hierarchies and these could be lower, middle, or upper class.
An ideal type is a concept arising from the characteristics of anything that has self-manifestation. The model entails a social construct that helps to alleviate chaos in the reality. The ideal type appears when people depict a point of view through the examination and conception of many phenomena that emphasize the viewpoint. The idea of the ideal type is a means for analyzing social and economic aspects, for instance, goal-rationality and value rationality are ideal types of behavior. In simpler terms, the ideal type does not represent reality but it represents "what should be", for example, people should be moral, but always they are not.
Parties are groups/individuals that seek power in an organization to further their interests based on the material or theoretical advantage. Their goal involves the ability to determine/ influence the process of decision-making, and thus, the individual must not personally exercise power. For instance, in a firm, a person may change the management to allocate more funds to an activity in which he/she is involved and thus signifying power.
Power entails the ability of an individual or a group to overcome the opposition from others in a bid to achieve the desired goals, and thus they can control social resources. Exercising power implies the exercising of one's will despite resistance from other people, which, in simpler terms, means the ability to control the way people think. This process may not involve the use of force and it can either facilitate or inhibit social action. An example is a manager in a company who is respected by other workers, and thus, he/she is capable of influencing them without necessarily using coercion.
Social action entails an individual's action that considers the actions/reactions of other people. It differs according to the setting and the way it affects other people. For example, if a farmer in the upstream diverts the river to his/her farm for creating a dam, how will the people downstream feel and react to his action? Social work is, therefore, concerned with how an individual considers other people before doing something that may hurt or please them.
Sociology implies the study of society or social behavior. The parameters involve the origin, development, network, organization, and institutions among others. Among the areas of concern are social order or disorder as well as social change. The crucial attributes are social class, stratification, religion, social mobility, law, sexuality, and many others. For example, if an individual tries to examine the above attributes of a given society that implies the sociology or the study of the society in question.
Status is a situation, condition, or state of a person in society and maybe a status by birth or acquired/achieved status. The status group refers to the communities that base themselves on honor and lifestyle, and the distinctive feature of such a society is the belief in honor and prestige. The status groups include professional bodies, clubs, races, and ethnic groups among others. People in these groups restrict interaction with individuals of different statuses, for example, the rich do not freely interact with the poor, the ethnic groups may oppose interethnic marriages among other things. The status situation concerns a person's state, and this could be the professional field or an inherent feature of tribe or race among others.
Verstehen implies comprehending/understanding, knowing, and conceiving how a phenomenon looks like as well as its significance. In simpler terms, it is an individual's quest to understand others and what they mean. It applies to the analysis of social actions, especially, for different cultures to familiarize oneself with them. For instance, an individual who seeks to know what given rites signify in another society may be practicing Verstehen.
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