A biocide is a chemical substance or microorganism that is designed to destroy, deter, render harmless, or control any harmful organism through chemical or biological means. Because of their rapid response, biocides are one of the most commonly used techniques in the industry to kill bacteria in the system. There are two types of biocides: oxidizing and nonoxidizing.
Oxidizing biocides are chemicals that kill microorganisms via the electrochemical process of oxidation. The biocide gains an electron from bacteria during the oxidation process, and this electron loss kills the bacteria. Oxidizing biocides work best in systems that use a large amount of water. Chlorine, bromine, iodine, chlorine dioxide, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, sodium chlorite, calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite, peracetic acids, hypobromous acid, and sodium bromide are the most common oxidizing biocides used in water treatment.
Hundreds of products, including linen, curtains, mattresses, and mops, contain low concentrations of biocides and claim to help control infection, though evidence has not been evaluated in practice.Because biocides are a potential hazard to the environment and human and animal health, and environmental risk assessment must be conducted before a biocide ingredient or biocidal product is approved for sale.
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