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Classification of signals and systems as well as their properties are given in the PPT .Examples related to types of signals and systems are also given .
1. Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Presentation On > 0 Right- and left-sided signals:  A right-sided signal is zero for t T where T can be positive or negative. Causal &Non-causal Signals: 8. Deterministic & Random Signals Deterministic signals :  Behavior of these signals is predictable w.r.t time  There is no uncertainty with respect to its value at any time.  These signals can be expressed mathematically.  For example x(t) = sin(3t) is deterministic signal. 9.  Behavior of these signals is random i.e. not predictable w.r.t time.  There is an uncertainty with respect to its value at any time.  These signals can’t be expressed mathematically.  For example:Thermal Noise generated is non deterministic signal. Random Signals: 10. Even &Odd Signals  Even signals xe(t) and odd signals xo(t) are defined as xe (t) = xe (−t) and xo (t) = −xo (−t).  Any signal is a sum of unique odd and even signals. Using x(t) = xe(t)+xo(t) and x(−t) = xe(t) − xo(t), yields xe(t) =0.5(x(t)+x(−t)) and xo(t) =0.5(x(t) − x(−t)). 11. Even: x(−t) = x(t) x[−n] = x[n] Odd: x(−t) = −x(t) x[−n] = −x[n]  Any signal x(t) can be expressed as x(t) = xe(t) + xo(t) ) x(−t) = xe(t) − xo(t) where xe(t) = 1/2(x(t) + x(−t)) xo(t) = 1/2(x(t) − x(−t)) Even &Odd Signals: 12. Bounded &Unbounded Signals:  Every system is bounded, but meaningful signal is always bounded 13. Power and Energy Signals  Power Signal  Infinite duration  Normalized power is finite and non-zero  Normalized energy averaged over infinite time is infinite  Mathematically tractable  Energy Signal  Finite duration  Normalized energy is finite and non-zero  Normalized power averaged over infinite time is zero  Physically realizable 14. Elementary signals  Step function  Impulse function  Ramp function 15. Unit Step function: 16. Unit ramp function: Unit impulse function: 17. What is a System?  Systems process input signals to produce output signals.  Examples:  A circuit involving a capacitor can be viewed as a system that transforms the source voltage (signal) to the voltage (signal) across the capacitor  A CD player takes the signal on the CD and transforms it into a signal sent to the loud speaker  A communication system is generally composed of three sub- systems, the transmitter, the channel and the receiver. The channel typically attenuates and adds noise to the transmitted signal which must be processed by the receiver 18. How is a System Represented?  A system takes a signal as an input and transforms it into another signal  In a very broad sense, a system can be represented as the ratio of the output signal over the input signal  That way, when we “multiply” the system by the input signal, we get the output signal  This concept will be firmed up in the coming weeks System Input signal x(t) Output signal y(t) 19. Types of Systems  Causal & Non-causal  Linear & Non Linear  Time Variant &Time-invariant  Stable & Unstable  Static & Dynamic 20. Causal Systems  Causal system : A system is sa >
Signals & Systems PPT.
Published on Apr 14, 2017.
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