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Like the Army Special Forces Enlistment Program, the Navy has a program called SEAL Challenge, which provides an opportunity for applicants to enlist with a guarantee to try out to become a Navy SEAL.
The Rangers used to be known by their distinctive black berets. However, a couple of years ago, the Army Chief of Staff made the decision to issue black berets to all Army soldiers, so the Ranger beret color was changed to tan.
The NCDUs distinguished themselves during World War II in both the Atlantic and Pacific theaters. In 1947, the Navy organized its first underwater offensive strike units. During the Korean Conflict, these Underwater Demolition Teams (UDTs) took part in the landing at Inchon as well as other missions, including demolition raids on bridges and tunnels accessible from the water. They also conducted limited minesweeping operations in harbors and rivers.
U.S. Military Special Operations Forces.
500-yard swim using breast and/or sidestroke in under 12 minutes and 30 seconds (10-minute rest) Perform a minimum of 42 push-ups in 2 minutes (2-minute rest) Perform a minimum of 50 sit-ups in 2 minutes (2-minute rest) Perform a minimum of 6 pull-ups (no time limit) (10-minute rest) Run 1½ miles wearing boots and long pants in under 11 minutes and 30 seconds.
Because all Special Forces Soldiers are qualified in a foreign language, they are tops in many aspects of reconnaissance. They can intermingle with the local population and discover information that would be impossible with other types of "recon."
The truth is there aren't any "best." It's like asking which is the best doctor, a brain surgeon or a heart surgeon? Both are doctors. Both graduated college, and then from medical school and then successfully completed a residency. Both have the skills and knowledge of general medicine. Both can diagnose and treat many illnesses, even those outside of their primary specialty. However, each is best in their specific specialties.
The highly classified Delta operations facility is reported to be in a remote location of Fort Bragg, NC.
It's quite common for the layman (and the media) to refer to all Special Operations Forces as "Special Forces." However, there is only one real Special Forces, and that's the United States Army Special Forces, sometimes referred to as the "Green Berets." The other elite military groups are more properly referred to as "Special Operations Forces," or "Special Ops." It may interest you to know that many Special Forces soldiers don't like the nickname Green Beret. The first Special Forces unit in the Army was formed on 11 June 1952, when the 10th Special Forces Group was activated at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.
Back in 1977, when hijacking aircraft and taking hostages seemed to be the "in thing," an Army Special Forces officer, Colonel Charles Beckwith, returned from a special assignment with the British Special Air Service (SAS), with a unique idea. He sold the idea of a highly trained military hostage-rescue force, patterned after the SAS, to the Pentagon, and they approved.
From 1954 to the early 1970s, the Army's goal, though seldom achieved, was to have one Ranger qualified NCO per infantry platoon and one officer per company. In an effort to better achieve this goal, in 1954, the Army required all combat arms officers to become Ranger/ Airborne qualified.
Most people have heard of Ranger School. It's a very tough, 61-day course. Many times, the other services even send their Special Ops people through this course. What you may not know is that not all combat soldiers assigned to a Ranger Battalion have gone through this course. Ranger School is designed to train NCOs (Noncommissioned Officers) and Commissioned Officers to lead Ranger and Army Infantry Platoons.
Staff Sgt. Gina Vaile-Nelson, 133rd MPAD / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain.
SEAL West Coast Teams are based in San Diego, California, while the East Coast Teams make their home in Virginia Beach, Virginia.
The screening is just a warm-up for BUD/S. BUD/S is about six months long, and divided into three phases:
Lock up a bunch of military members in a room and ask them to debate which Special Operations Group is the best. However, don't make any plans for the immediate future. They'll still be arguing about it when the beer and potato chips run out.
Unconventional warfare means they are capable of conducting military and paramilitary actions behind enemy lines. Such actions could include sabotage or helping convince rebel leaders to fight on our side.
Delta is the most covert of the U.S. Military Special Operations Forces. Delta is sent when there is a tough objective, and we don't want anyone to know that there was U.S. Military involvement. Delta is rumored to have their own fleet of helicopters which are painted in civilian colors and have fake registration numbers. Their special training facility is reported to be the best special operations training facility in the world, including a close-quarters-battle indoor facility nicknamed the "House of Horrors."
Benning Phase (4th Ranger Training Battalion). Designed to develop the military skills, physical and mental endurance, stamina, and conf > Florida Phase (6th Ranger Training Battalion). The emphasis during this phase is to continue the development of combat leaders, capable of operating effectively under conditions of extreme mental and physical stress. The training further develops the students' ability to plan and lead small units on independent and coordinated airborne, air assault, amphibious, small boat, and dismounted combat operations in a mid-intensity combat environment against a well-trained, sophisticated enemy.
Special Operations Forces are just like that. Each is highly trained in general combat and small unit tactics. Each one can be used for many general special operations missions. However, each Special Operations Group is primarily trained for specific types of missions. If one wished to attach explosives under the water line on an enemy ship, for example, Army Rangers would not be the best choice. In this instance, the Special Operations Force with the most training and experience in underwater combat operations would be Navy SEALS. On the other hand, if one needed to deploy a highly trained light infantry force well inland, behind enemy lines, to destroy a significant military target, you can't do much better than a company of Army Rangers.
Navy SEALS.
However, like all Special Operations Groups, that's not all they do. That's just what they do best. When not teaching foreign military groups how to sneak up on the enemy and kill them without dying themselves, Army Special Forces have four other missions that they do very well: unconventional warfare, special reconnaissance, direct action, and counter-terrorism.
Everybody's heard of Delta Force. However, most of what you've heard is probably wrong. Almost every aspect of Delta is highly classified, including their training program and organizational structure.
Emphasis is placed on the development of individual combat skills and abilities through the application of the principles of leadership while further developing military skills in the planning and conduct of dismounted infantry, airborne, airmobile, and amphibious independent squad and platoon-size operations. Graduates return to their units to pass on these skills.
Today's SEAL (Sea, Air, Land) teams trace their history to the first group of volunteers selected from the Naval Construction Battalions (SeaBees) in the spring of 1943. These volunteers were organized into special teams called Navy Combat Demolition Units (NCDUs). The units were tasked with reconnoitering and clearing beach obstacles for troops going ashore during amphibious landings and evolved into Combat Swimmer Reconnaissance Units.
The most important trait that distinguishes Navy SEALs from other Special Operations Groups is that SEALs are maritime special forces, as they strike from and return to the sea. SEALs take their name from the elements in and from which they operate. Their stealth and clandestine methods of operation allow them to conduct multiple missions against targets that larger forces cannot approach undetected.
Delta recruits twice per year from U.S. Army units worldwide. After a very extensive screening process, applicants reportedly attend a two- or three-week special assessment and selection course. Those who make it through the course enter the Delta Special Operators Training Course, which is estimated to be about six weeks in duration. Delta Force is primarily made up of hand-picked volunteers from the 82nd Airborne, Army Special Forces, and Army Rangers. Delta is said to be the best in the world at close-quarters combat.
Just to qualify to attend SEAL training, applicants must pass a Physical Fitness Screening which includes the following:
80% on APFT by age group for all officers and combat arms NCOs 70% on APFT by age group for all non-combat arms NCOs 6 chin-ups 12-mile road march with 45-pound rucksack within 3 hours, for all officers and combat arms NCOs 10-mile road march with 45-pound rucksack within 2.5 hours for all non-combat arms NCOs Successful completion of CWST (Combat Water Survival Training) 70% on Ranger History examination 5-mile run in less than 40 minutes 70% on self-paced Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) examination Psychological assessment by a U.S. Army Special Operations Command (USASOC) psychologist Successful recommendation from RASP board interview.
The members of the 1st Ranger Battalion were all hand-picked volunteers; 50 participated in the gallant Dieppe Ra > They infiltrated German lines and mounted an attack against Cisterna, where they virtually annihilated an entire German parachute regiment during close-in, night, bayonet, and hand-to-hand fighting.
With America's entry into the Second World War, Rangers came forth to add to the pages of history. Major General Lucian K. Truscott, U.S. Army Liaison with the British General Staff, submitted proposals to General George Marshall that "we undertake immediately an American unit along the lines of the British Commandos" on May 26, 1942. A cable from the War Department quickly followed to Truscott and Major General Russell P. Hartle, commanding all Army Forces in Northern Ireland, authorizing the activation of the First U.S. Army Ranger Battalion.
The Ranger course has changed little since its inception. Until recently, it was an eight-week course divided into three phases. The course is now 61 days in duration and divided into three phases as follows:
1st Special Forces Group (SFG) at Ft. Lewis, WA, responsible for the Pacific and Eastern Asia 3rd SFG at Ft. Bragg, NC, responsible for the Caribbean and Western Africa 5th SFG at Ft. Campbell, KY, responsible for Southwest Asia and Northeastern Africa 7th SFG at Ft. Bragg, NC, responsible for Central and South America 10th SFG at Ft. Carson, CO, responsible for Europe 19th SFG (National Guard) 20th SPG (National Guard)
The Army knows that the vast majority of those who sign up on the 18X Special Forces Enlistment Program will fail. However, lots of young high-school recruits walk into the Army Recruiting Office and want to be the next Rambo. The 18X programs give the Army a fairly significant pool of volunteers who will ultimately become Infantry Troops.
In 1983, existing UDTs were re-designated as SEAL teams and/or SEAL Delivery Vehicle Teams and the requirement for hydrographic reconnaissance and underwater demolition became SEAL missions.
Delta.
Following Phase III, SEALS attend Army Jump School and then are assigned to a SEAL Team for an additional 6 to 12 months of on-the-job training.
The Ranger Course was conceived during the Korean War and was known as the Ranger Training Command. On 10 October 1951, the Ranger Training Command was inactivated and became the Ranger Department, a branch of the Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia. Its purpose was, and still is, to develop combat skills of selected officers and enlisted men by requiring them to perform effectively as small unit leaders in a realistic tactical environment, under mental and physical stress approaching that found in actual combat.
The 75th Ranger Regiment is a flexible, highly trained, and rapidly deployable light infantry force with specialized skills that enable it to be employed against a variety of conventional and special operations targets. Rangers specialize in dropping in uninvited to spoil your entire day. They generally practice to parachute into the middle of the action, to perform strikes and ambushes, and to capture enemy airfields.
If, by some chance, the wet-behind-the-ears recruit can make it through SFAS, he must graduate the Special Forces Qualification Course, which (depending on the exact Special Forces Job he is training for) is between 24 and 57 weeks long. Finally, he must learn a foreign language at the Defense Language Institute. Depending on the language, this training can take up to a year. If he fails any part of this training and selection process, he is immediately reclassified as a 11B Infantry.
Those who pass the RIP are assigned to one of the three Army Ranger Battalions. At a later time in their career (usually once they make NCO status), they may be selected to attend the actual Ranger Course. To qualify for the Ranger Course, NCOs and officers must first complete the Ranger Orientation Program (ROP). Minimum qualification standards are:
There are three Ranger Battalions which all fall under the command of the 75th Ranger Regiment, headquartered at Fort Benning, GA: The 1st Ranger Battalion at Hunter Army Air Field, GA, the 2nd Ranger Battalion at Fort Lewis, WA, and the 3rd Ranger Battalion at Fort Benning, GA.
The Army has five active duty Special Forces Groups and two National Guard Special Forces Groups. Each Group is responsible for a certain part of the world. The seven Groups and their areas of responsibility are:
SEAL teams go through what is considered by some to be the toughest military training in the world. Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL (BUD/S) training is conducted at the Naval Special Warfare Center in Coronado. Students encounter obstacles that develop and test their stamina, leadership, and ability to work as a team.
The primary mission of the Army Special Forces is to teach in the middle of combat missions. They go right into combat situations with military members of friendly developing nations and teach them technical fighting and military skills, as well as helping them resolve human rights issues during combat operations.
The 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment, Delta was created. Most military experts believe that Delta is organized into three operating squadrons, with several specialized groups (called "troops") assigned to each squadron. Each troop is reported to specialize in a main aspect of special operations, such as HALO (High Altitude Low Opening) parachute operations or scuba operations.
New soldiers (mostly in the rank of E-1 to E-4) assigned to a Ranger Battalion must first be airborne qualified (go through jump school). They then attend the three-week Ranger Indoctrination Program (RIP). To successfully complete RIP, the candidate must achieve a minimum 60% score on the Army Physical Fitness Test (in the 17 to 21 age group), must complete a five-mile run at no slower than 8 minutes per mile, must complete the Army Combat Water Survival Test, CWST (15 meters in battle-dress-uniform [BDUs], combat boots, and combat gear), must complete two out of three road marches (one of which must be the 10-mile march), and must receive a minimum score of 70% on all written examinations.
Army Special Forces.
Let's take a look at United States Military Special Operations Groups:
Until relatively recently, one could not enlist into the Special Forces. One had to be in the rank of E-4 to E-7 (for enlisted members) just to apply. That's still the requirement for those who are already in the service that want to apply for Special Forces. However, in the past year or two, the Army initiated the 18X (Special Forces) Enlistment Program. Under this program, an applicant will be trained as an Infantry (11B) Soldier, then sent to jump school (parachute training). He will then be guaranteed the opportunity to try out for Special Forces. This means he will have to complete the Special Forces Assessment and Selection (SFAS) program, which has a very high wash-out rate, even for experienced soldiers.
The name Ranger was selected by General Truscott "because the name Commandos rightfully belonged to the British, and we sought a name more typically American. It was, therefore, fit that the organization that was destined to be the first of the American Ground Forces to battle Germans on the European continent should be called Rangers in compliment to those in American history who exemplified the high standards of courage, initiative, determination, ruggedness, fighting ability, and achievement."
During the 1960s, each branch of the armed forces formed its own counterinsurgency force. The Navy utilized UDT personnel to form separate units called SEAL teams. January 1962 marked the commissioning of SEAL Team ONE in the Pacific Fleet and SEAL Team TWO in the Atlantic Fleet. These teams were developed to conduct unconventional warfare, counter-guerilla warfare, and clandestine operations in both blue and brown water environments.
First Phase (Basic Conditioning): First Phase trains, develops, and assesses SEAL cand > Second Phase (Diving): Diving Phase trains, develops, and qualifies SEAL cand >

Army Rangers.
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