In research, rigour means quality control; without rigour, there is no science. To make your study legitimate, dependable, generalizable, and authentic, you need rigour. So, in a sense, rigour comes first, and only then can you claim that your education research guidespossesses all other criteria. While rigour increases a study's validity, reliability, and repeatability, it is not the only requirement.
Rigor is also known as control, and it is a term that is used both in science and in everyday life. "A technique of strictly following to specified limitations, or the discipline of maintaining strict consistency with particular predefined criteria," according to Wikipedia. Rigor in science and research refers to being exact, cautious, precise, and well-controlled. In addition, rigour necessitates honesty and an unbiased approach to study.

In a qualitative or quantitative study, how can rigour be attained? Rigor, in general, refers to a researcher's understanding and use of rigour in two ways: scientifically and ethically. Readers criticise research after it is published, but the researcher is solely responsible for conducting thorough study.

Objectivity in research

Each step of the research process requires rigour. Make sure you have a solid design, methodology, analysis methodologies, interpretation and findings, bibliography, and research writing in place.

In quantitative investigations, rigour is important.

In an experimental or quantitative study, the type of control you require is different from what you need in a qualitative or survey-based study. Quantitative research might have a pre-determined, stringent, and rigid framework. This form of pre-determined layout aids in gaining control over your research. All you have to do now is stay precise and accurate while following the pre-designed plan. Also, because quantitative research is objective in nature, there are few chances of bias or subjectivity being introduced to your research if you conducted the proper testing and repeated it several times before applying the appropriate statistical test. Control, repetition, randomization, blinding, bias control measures, robust and accurate statistical methods, adequate and accurate experimental design, and suitable and authentic models, for example, are all required in an experiment. The research that follows will be objective, rigorous, and controlled.

In qualitative research, rigour is essential.

Qualitative research, on the other hand, differs from quantitative research in many ways. Rigor is defined as the property of being exact, stiff, and precise. Rigor also entails being thorough and accurate, as well as adhering to set parameters. When we look at qualitative research, we find that it rarely lends itself to rigid limitations. In qualitative research, the researcher has little control, and as the investigation progresses, so does the researcher. As a result, the researcher and the research must be adaptable to the research's progress. It's difficult to stick to certain strict boundaries as a result of this.

When rigour is difficult to accomplish in qualitative research, qualitative researchers shift their focus on trustworthiness. Because the researcher can always impact the research, no matter what methodologies, methodology, or statistical tools are used in a qualitative study. Because the researcher can always include his or her own subjectivity or bias into the study, it is more about trustworthiness than rigour and control. In general, strategies such as peer debriefing, corroboration, prolonged engagement, disclosure, auditability, and negative case analysis are used by the researcher.

You must report your study findings properly while developing a rigorous and controlled design. This will demonstrate to your readers the transparency of your study and will also assist others in replicating it.

Ethical rigour is a term that is used to describe the strictness with

Ethical rigour is more crucial since a lack of rigour in research might lead to prejudice, fabrication, carelessness, or other intentional deception. The researcher has a responsibility to present only the facts that he is aware of. The table below shows some of the ways that a researcher can fool his readers by injecting fake rigour into his research.

rigour, whether creative or crafty

This is another example of a lack of rigour in which the researcher deceives the audience by claiming that the research was conducted according to rigorous research standards. In this case, the researcher applies rigour to only specific aspects of the study, which can lead to inaccurate findings. Even if you do one portion of the research carelessly, the results of the entire study may be incorrect.

This is not as severe as intentionally misleading rigour, but it is still a major scientific violation. By doing so, the researcher jeopardises science's integrity.

Rigidity without care

We've all been guilty of being thoughtless at some point in our lives. When carelessness is used to excess, it becomes offensive. The researcher may become careless in a study for one or more of the following reasons. One, to complete the research in a shorter amount of time; two, to avoid boredom or exhaustion as a result of arduous work; or three, to avoid external constraints.

Everyone in today's world is in a hurry, and that haste convinces us that it's fine to be a little irresponsible. We don't always consider it carelessness; instead, we believe that if we receive the results quickly or publish our research on time, it will benefit both us and others. In reality, we are jeopardising the rigour and control that should have been exercised. Some researchers, for example, do not wait to repeat their findings two or three times to ensure that they are dependable. This lack of rigour can have long-term consequences, but we do not expect it at this moment.

Exceptional rigour

The use of rigour to each step of the research process aids in the production of dependable and valid results. Such a scientist understands that the integrity of science and research is more important than any other gain. As a result, the researcher conducts a transparent investigation while adhering to all of the scientific and research community's regulations.

enduring adversity

It is, as the name implies, a long-term rigidity. The most trustworthy, valid, and reproducible research is that which has a long-term rigour. To do such research, however, the researcher must devote more time, effort, energy, and, in certain cases, financial resources. The researcher, on the other hand, makes no concessions to the accuracy or legitimacy of his findings.