The use of psilocybin mushrooms or other psychedelic plants is documented in ethnographic and historical literature from all cultural regions of the world except the Insular Pacific (see Table 1 for examples).

It is possible that psychedelics have been traditionally used for a thousand years, and that this behavior has deep roots for hominin. Evidence regarding the emergence of human hepatic enzymes suggests that significant selective pressures were paul stamets microdose protocol on hominin people by common natural chemicals, including secondary metabolites and fats that act as stimulants, drugs, and hallucinogens (Sullivan and Hagen, 2002; Sullivan et al., 2008).

Drug use is not a new phenomenon

Rather, past and present exposure has led to modified resistance systems to a lesser degree of mushroom and digestion. Evidence of human relationships with psychedelics in recent times (Holocene) can be found in the archaeological and paleoethnobotanical records (Guerra-Doce, 2015; Fitzpatrick, 2018; Miller et al., 2019; Samorini, 2019; al., Robinson et. 2020).

Although the presence of a psychiatric plant remains in archeological conditions does not guarantee its use as a drug, it is most likely in most cases when considering well-known ethnographic analogies, synthetic associations, and graphic descriptions.

• Guerra-Doce 2014
• Winkelman, 2019
• Domnauer, 2020

Homeostasis of Income Behavior and Drug Instrumentalization Paradigm

Ecosystems are a combination of plant species which are nutritional and pharmaceutical sources with a wide The Gaia Voice of basic (nutrient) and secondary (medicinal) compounds that are essential for the health of plants and animals that eat plants (Villalba and Provenza, 2007).

Animals usually avoid secondary metabolites (which often have negative physical and behavioral effects after drinking them) while a nutrient-rich diet is preferred.

However, the homeostatic

Theory suggests that food selection is not limited to avoiding secondary metabolites of plants, but, in some cases, to their choice in order to improve other challenges (Forbey et al., 2009). From this perspective, food selection is the pursuit of substances (either nutrients or drugs) that provide organic homeostatic support (Villalba and Provenza, 2007). Therefore, secondary metabolites that may be toxic to fungi and plants may be selected by animals for homeostasis.

Evidence suggests that animals use biological activity of secondary metabolites to reduce the cost of thegaiavoice.com with parasites, improve fertility, measure temperature, avoid predation, and increase vigilance (Rodríguez and Wrangham, 1993; Huffman, 1997; Forbey et al., 2009).

Similarly, the instrumentation theory

Of drugs suggests that the use of non-addictive drugs can be defined by terms of performance as a process intended to adapt. It suggests that more people and animals seek and consume mental substances because the following effects on mental conditions can be used to improve targeted behavioral functioning (Müller and Schumann, 2011; Müller, 2020).

According to this view

Recurrent, non-addictive drug use should be likened to a two-step process: (1) the seeking and use of psychotropic drugs to transform the present mood into a previously studied attitude, allowing for (2) better performance, pre-established behavior and improved goal paul stamets microdose protocol (Müller). and Schumann, 2011).

Other objectives of the instruments proposed by researchers include: improved social networking; improved mental functioning and anti-fatigue; facilitate recovery and coping with stress; and to facilitate spiritual and religious activities.