The principal requirements for packing are that it should:

1.Provide a large surface area: a high interfacial area between the gas and liquid.

2.Have an open structure: low resistance to gas flow.

Promote uniform liquid distribution on the packing surface.

3.Promote uniform vapor gas flow across the column cross-section.

.Various types and packing types have…

Biodiesel can be used as an alternative fuel without replacing the engine. Currently, we are planning only 5-20% of the biodiesel mixture in petroleum fuel. Although biodiesel is being applied as a petroleum diesel alternative, This is due to a rapidly declining energy crisis in the oil reserves, a deeper perception of the environment, and renewable sources of vegetable oil as a biodiesel…